Updated: 03 December 2022
Change user own password on Ubuntu
passwd
Freelance software engineer United Kingdom
Updated: 03 December 2022
Change user own password on Ubuntu
passwd
Updated: 15 September 2025
Find all items called our_cron. Send error output to /dev/null, which hides error messages e.g. ‘Permission denied’
find -name our_cron 2> /dev/null
Find symbolic links, recursively down from the current directory
find . -type l
Find files in directory /tmp larger than 100MB
sudo find /tmp -type f -size +100M
Find directories with either foo or bar in their name
find . -type d \( -iname '*foo*' -or -iname '*bar*' \) | sort
Find files or directories with either lvim or lunarvim in their name
find . \( -iname '*lvim*' -or -iname '*lunarvim*' \)
Find files modified within the last 6hrs i.e. 0.25 of 1 day
find /home/chris -type f -mtime -0.25
Find files where name (case insensitive) matches ‘*.exe’
find ~/.nuget/packages -iname "*.exe"
Find directories where name starts with ‘site’
find . -type d -name 'site*'
Find any of the named files (risky, test first)
find this-dir -type f \( -name "foo" -o -name "bar" -o -name "log" \)
Find all files not in the git directory
find . -type f -not -path "./.git/*"
Find, but exclude multiple directories
find ~ -iname '*nvim*' ! -path '/path/one/*' ! -path '/path/two/*' ! -path '/path/three/*'
Find directories with name including let but search no more that 2 levels down
find -maxdepth 2 -type d -iname '*let*'
find uses ; or + to terminate the -exec command. Therefore \; must be used because ; is one of the operators (also && or ||) which separates shell commands.
Find files by text in the file.
find . -type f -name "*.java" -exec grep -il string {} \;
-i: ignore case
-l: show filenames, not the match.
Updated: 09 February 2025
Copy files and directories.
Copy the entire contents of a directory. Using a dot at the end of the source directory indicates that everything within the directory should be copied, including hidden files
cp -a /tmp/wordpress/. /var/www/wordpress
Copy and rename a file
cp program3.cpp homework6.cpp
Copy file into a folder
cp chris-taylor-cv.pdf marketing/
cp image.jpg folder/sameImageNewName.jpg
Preserve the file modify time, when copying
cp --preserve=timestamps ~/.tmux.conf ~/my-dot-files/